Barotrauma is a type of injury that occurs when there is a difference in pressure between the inside of a body cavity and the outside environment. It can affect various parts of the body, including the ears, sinuses, lungs, and eyes, and is most commonly associated with activities such as diving, flying, and caisson work.
Common causes
Barotrauma can be caused by a variety of activities that involve changes in pressure. Diving is one of the most common causes, as the pressure underwater increases the deeper a diver descends. Flying is another frequent cause, since the pressure inside an aircraft cabin can change rapidly during takeoff and landing. Barotrauma can also occur in people who work in compressed-air environments, such as caisson workers or bridge and tunnel workers.
When a person descends underwater while scuba diving, the surrounding pressure increases, and this can cause barotrauma if the pressure inside the body cavities is not equalized with the surrounding pressure. The most common form of barotrauma during diving affects the ears and sinuses, but it can also affect the eyes. If you dive in Roatan, we recommend these eye care tips for scuba diving.
What is barotrauma of the eyes?
Barotrauma of the eyes, also known as “squeeze” or “explosive decompression injury,” occurs when the pressure inside the eyes is not equalized with the surrounding pressure. This can cause discomfort, pain, redness, and temporary vision changes and, in severe cases, more serious injuries such as retinal detachment, cataracts, or even blindness.
Symptoms
Symptoms of barotrauma of the eyes can include pain, redness, and temporary vision changes. In more severe cases, it can cause floaters, flashes of light, or even permanent vision loss. If any of these symptoms occur, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Prevention
Prevention is key. Divers should use proper techniques and equipment to equalize the pressure in the eyes, such as pinching the nose and blowing gently, or using a mask that allows you to exhale through the nose. It is also important to be aware of the symptoms of barotrauma of the eyes and to seek medical attention if they occur.
Divers, as well as other people who are exposed to pressure changes, should be well informed about the risks and how to prevent barotrauma to ensure a safe and healthy experience. Keep in mind that the length of time you should wait to fly after experiencing barotrauma will depend on the severity of your condition and the advice of your doctor.
Get your eyes checked
If you experience eye pain, redness, or vision changes after diving or flying, don’t wait to have it evaluated. At Dr. Reichmann’s clinic in Roatan we provide a complete eye exam and all of our eye care services, and we can evaluate conditions such as cataracts and retinal problems. Book your appointment today.