Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that gradually damage the optic nerve and, with it, your vision. In most cases it develops without any noticeable symptoms, so many people do not realize they have it until significant vision has already been lost. Glaucoma has no cure, and the vision loss it causes is irreversible. That is why early detection is so important.
Why does glaucoma happen?
Glaucoma occurs when the drainage of the fluid inside the eye (the aqueous humor) is impaired. When this fluid cannot drain properly, it builds up and the intraocular pressure rises. This increased pressure damages the optic nerve. Even today, doctors and researchers are not entirely sure why the drainage channels stop working correctly.
The optic nerve connects the retina to the brain and contains millions of nerve fibers that send visual messages. When eye pressure stays high, the optic nerve is damaged and these nerve fibers die, resulting in loss of vision.
Symptoms of glaucoma
Glaucoma is often silent, but in some cases, especially during acute attacks, the following symptoms may appear:
- Blurry vision
- Sudden loss of vision
- Severe pain in the eyes
- Halos or bright lights around light sources
- Redness in the eyes
- Nausea and vomiting
If glaucoma is not detected in time, the eye can deteriorate rapidly.
Although glaucoma has no cure, it can be treated and stabilized with ophthalmic medications. Glaucoma patients can lead a normal life if their condition is diagnosed early and treated properly.
Types of glaucoma
- Open-angle glaucoma: the most common form, accounting for about 95% of cases. The trabecular meshwork looks normal, but the fluid does not drain well.
- Narrow-angle glaucoma: the drainage spaces are very narrow and almost obstructed, so intraocular fluid builds up and the pressure rises.
- Normal-tension glaucoma: the intraocular pressure is normal, yet there are still problems with drainage and damage to the optic nerve.
- Childhood glaucoma: occurs in children and, in some cases, is congenital.
- Pigmentary glaucoma: caused by a buildup of pigment from the iris that interferes with drainage.
- Secondary glaucoma: caused by a blow or trauma to the eye, or by prolonged use of corticosteroids.
Risk factors
- Diabetes (which is also linked to diabetic retinopathy)
- Being of African, Asian, or Hispanic descent
- Family history of glaucoma
- Long-term use of ophthalmic corticosteroids
- Trauma or a blow to the eye
- Older age (in some cases)
People with glaucoma are advised to see their ophthalmologist every four months to have their eyes examined, monitor intraocular pressure, and evaluate the optic nerve.
Treatments
- Glaucoma is controlled with the daily use of ophthalmic medications.
- In some cases, oral medications are also used.
- In advanced cases, surgery may be necessary.
Tips for glaucoma patients
- Lead an active lifestyle.
- Eat a healthy diet.
- Avoid wearing contact lenses if your ophthalmologist advises it.
- Cut back on caffeine.
- Do not smoke.
- Use your drops exactly as your ophthalmologist directs.
- Visit your trusted ophthalmologist regularly.
Protect your vision in Roatán
The best way to protect your sight from glaucoma is early detection through regular eye exams. At our clinic in Roatán, we offer a full range of eye care services, including intraocular pressure measurement and optic nerve evaluation. Book your eye exam today and take care of your vision before it is too late.